Low Growing Perennials

When it comes to choosing perennials for small spaces, your options are more varied than you may initially think. With choices ranging from flowering plants to dwarf shrubs and ornamental grasses, you can add form and function without resorting to tall plants. Low-growing perennials are ideal for filling small spaces, the front of landscape beds and along walkways, driveways and garden steps.

Flowering Herbaceous Varieties

ElenaMirage/iStock/Getty Images

Low-growing flowering herbaceous perennials brighten tight spaces and the fronts of flowerbeds with colorful blooms. Choose from the many low-growing flowering perennials, including:

• Blanket flower (Gaillardia x grandiflora), which has daisylike blooms. Blanket flower varieties bloom from early summer through early autumn, adding colors such as yellow, orangeand red to the garden. Look for dwarf varieties that grow 10 to 12inches tall. For example, the cultivar 'Sunset Cutie' (Gaillardia x grandiflora 'Sunset Cutie') reaches a height of 12 inches with an 18-inch width or spread. It is a perennial, or hardy, in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9, doing well in a site exposed to full sun.
• 'Kim's Knee High' purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea 'Kim's Knee High'), a dwarf variety that typically grows quickly to a height and width of 2 feet. Its rose-pink flowers add color while attracting butterflies throughout summer. It is hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9 and grows well in areas with full-sun exposure.
• 'Little Lanterns' columbine (Aquilegia canadensis 'Little Lanterns'), which adds a splash of color to shady areas. Growing 12 to 18 inches tall, it flourishes in full to partial shade, where from mid-spring to midsummer its vivid red and yellow flowers attract hummingbirds. It is hardy in USDA zones 3 through 8.

Dwarf Shrubs

mychadre77/iStock/Getty Images

Just because you want something compact doesn't mean you're limited to only flowering herbaceous perennials. Dwarf shrubs provide visual interest that contrasts with flowers and ground covers. Options include:

• Cranberry cotoneaster (Cotoneaster apiculatus), a shrub that grows about 3 feet tall and 6 feet wide, making it suitable as a low-growing hedge. Its spreading branches create a herringbone pattern, and it has tiny, pink flowers in spring. During winter, this deciduous shrub has lost its leaves but is adorned with red berries. Hardy in USDA zones 4 through 7, cranberry cotoneaster grows best in full to partial sun.
  
• 'Goldflame' spirea (Spiraea x bumalda 'Goldflame'), a low-maintenance cultivar that grows 3 to 4 feet tall and has pink flowers throughout summer. This deciduous shrub's foliage starts as a bronze color and matures to a yellowish-green, followed by a copper color in fall.  Hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9, 'Goldflame' is heat-tolerant and grows best in areas with full sun.

Ornamental Grasses

Ornamental grasses add a whimsical touch to flowerbeds, and their arching leaves or blades provide a contrast or backdrop for flowering plants. Low-growing varieties include:

• Variegated Japanese sedge (Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata'), which  grows about 1 foot tall and wide. This evergreen grass features shiny, green blades with creamy yellowish-white stripes. It requires full to partial sun exposure and is hardy in USDA zones 5 through 9.
• 'Bolder Blue' fescue (Festuca glauca 'Boulder Blue'), an evergreen that features dark, metallic blue blades. This tidy-looking specimen grows quickly to a height of 8 inches with a similar spread. It is hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9, growing well in areas with full-sun exposure.

Ground Covers

Ground-cover plants can be used to line walkways, fill the cracks between flagstones or even in place of grass. These low-growing perennials are available in a variety of colors, textures and growth habits, allowing you to choose the plant that works best for your needs. Options to consider include:

• Miniature brass buttons (Leptinella gruveri), a fast-grower that reaches a height of only 1 inch and a spread of 8 to 12 inches. This evergreen fills areas quickly and helps keep out weeds. Miniature brass buttons grows well in areas with partial sun or full shade. It has inconspicuous green flowers in summer, and it is hardy in USDA zones 7 through 9.
• 'Baby Tears' stonecrop (Sedum album chloroticum 'Baby Tears'), which grows 4 to 6 inches tall with a 12-inch spread. This drought-tolerant evergreen belongs to the succulent family and is hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9. It displays white flowers from late spring through summer. Use it along pathways and in rock gardens, where its rosettes of teardrop-shaped foliage contrast with the surrounding hardscape.

Perennial Low-growing Flowers

Sun-loving, low-growing perennials grow best in areas where they will receive an abundance of sunlight. “ Low-growing perennials will bring color to shaded areas with their showy flowers and attractive foliage. “ Halcyon” plantation lily (Hosta x tardiana “Halcyon”) grows in USDA zones 3 through 8 reaching heights of no more than 2 feet. Halcyon” tolerates dense shade and can grow alone or in masses. “ It can grow in full to partial shade and will grow to only about 14 inches high. This filler plant has deep green foliage variegated with creamy yellow streaks and purple flowers that appear in late spring. “ It grows in USDA zones 4 through 9 with heights between 8 and 16 inches tall. “ It also produces butterfly-attracting white flowers in midsummer. Creeping bramble (Rubus calycinoides) is a perennial ground cover resistant to deer that can be used in rock gardens or as a weed barrier. This creeping dense perennial has unimpressive white flowers that appear in spring.